At the Min Lab, we aim to develop and implement general methodologies to study complex material-biology interactions in both 3D space and time, in diverse contexts, laying the scientific foundation for transformative advances in disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Our research encompasses a broad range of biomedical topics, such as cancer, sepsis, traumatic brain injury, tissue damage/repair, pathogenic infections, and immune engineering. Examples are shown below:
1. Stretchable, nano-patterned surfaces for long-term antibacterial properties
Infections in medical implants pose serious risks, often leading to implant failure and severe complications. Current methods to prevent microbial biofilms are typically too costly, complex, or lack durability. We introduce a scalable and durable method using MXene layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembled coatings with dynamic topography for long-term antibacterial effects. These coatings, applied on stretchable poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), feature crumple structures with nanometer resolution and excellent mechanical durability. The sharp-edged peaks of the crumpled MXene coating effectively combat bacteria, and dynamic deformation can remove ≥99% of adhered bacteria, restoring surface functionality. This approach offers practical, scalable, and durable antibacterial solutions for various biomaterials and implantable devices.
2. High-throughput molecular profiling of extracellular vesicles (EVs)
Another research focus is on extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes (50-200 nm), which carry molecular constituents of their parent cells. EVs, detectable in biological fluids, serve as novel therapeutic agents and diagnostic biomarkers. Single EV analysis is crucial for studying EV biogenesis and heterogeneity in disease but is challenging due to their small size and weak detection signals. We developed a nano-patterned plasmonic sensing platform that enhances single EV profiling sensitivity and multiplexing capability. Using optimized gold nanohole structures for plasmon-enhanced fluorescence detection, we successfully detected both transmembrane and intravesicular protein markers of tumor-derived EVs at the single EV level with high precision.
3. Microfluidic electromagnetic sensor for traumatic brain injury detection
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality and disability among service members, with limited diagnostic methods in resource-limited environments. While brain CT scans are commonly used, 91% show no traumatic pathology, leading to unnecessary exposure to radiation and financial costs. Recently, two FDA-approved biomarkers, GFAP and UCH-L1, have shown promise in TBI diagnosis but require plasma samples and complex processing. Our team aims to develop a compact, credit-card sized microfluidic device for the quantitative electrochemical detection of multiple brain injury biomarkers in whole blood. Designed for use in extreme conditions, our device will offer combat medics quick, reliable, and accurate TBI diagnostics on the field.
